Maryland Sees Spike in Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: Doctor Explains Children’s Risks
Maryland is experiencing a surge in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), prompting concerns among parents and health officials. This highly contagious viral infection primarily affects young children, causing painful blisters and sores in the mouth, hands, and feet. Understanding the risks and preventative measures is crucial to protecting your little ones. This article will explore the recent outbreak, its symptoms, potential complications, and how to best safeguard your family.
Understanding Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD)
HFMD is typically caused by Coxsackievirus A16, though other enteroviruses can also be responsible. It’s spread through:
- Direct contact: Touching an infected person’s saliva, nasal mucus, or fluid from blisters.
- Indirect contact: Touching contaminated surfaces like toys or doorknobs.
- Respiratory droplets: Inhaling droplets expelled through coughing or sneezing.
The incubation period is typically 3-7 days, meaning symptoms can appear a week after exposure.
Symptoms of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
Recognizing the symptoms is key to early intervention and preventing spread. Common signs include:
- Fever: Often the first symptom.
- Sore throat: Can be accompanied by difficulty swallowing.
- Mouth sores: Painful, small blisters or ulcers inside the mouth, often on the tongue, gums, and inside cheeks.
- Rash: A characteristic rash appearing as small, flat or raised blisters on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and sometimes the buttocks or legs.
- Irritability and lethargy: Infants and young children may be unusually fussy or tired.
Important Note: While most cases are mild, some children may experience more severe symptoms requiring medical attention.
Children’s Risks and Complications of HFMD
While HFMD is usually self-limiting and resolves within 7-10 days, certain complications can arise, particularly in young children and those with weakened immune systems. These include:
- Dehydration: Painful mouth sores can make eating and drinking difficult, leading to dehydration.
- Secondary bacterial infections: Broken blisters can become infected.
- Aseptic meningitis: A rare but serious complication involving inflammation of the brain and spinal cord’s protective membranes.
- Encephalitis: Rare inflammation of the brain.
Preventing the Spread of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
Effective prevention strategies are crucial in curbing the spread of HFMD, especially during outbreaks:
- Frequent handwashing: Thorough handwashing with soap and water is the most effective preventative measure.
- Hygiene practices: Regularly disinfect frequently touched surfaces in your home, such as toys, doorknobs, and countertops.
- Avoid close contact: Keep children with HFMD away from others, especially those with weakened immune systems.
- Stay home when sick: Keep your child home from daycare or school until they are fever-free and feeling better.
Seeking Medical Attention
While most cases of HFMD resolve on their own, it’s important to consult a doctor if your child:
- Experiences severe pain or difficulty swallowing.
- Shows signs of dehydration.
- Develops a high fever that persists.
- Displays signs of neurological symptoms like lethargy, confusion, or stiff neck.
Conclusion
The recent spike in hand, foot, and mouth disease cases in Maryland highlights the importance of vigilance and preventative measures. By understanding the symptoms, risks, and preventative strategies, parents and caregivers can help protect their children and contribute to slowing the spread of this contagious illness. Remember, early identification and appropriate care are crucial for a speedy recovery.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1: Is hand, foot, and mouth disease contagious?
A1: Yes, HFMD is highly contagious and spreads easily through direct and indirect contact with infected individuals and contaminated surfaces.
Q2: What is the treatment for hand, foot, and mouth disease?
A2: There is no specific treatment for HFMD. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, such as providing pain relief, ensuring adequate hydration, and preventing secondary infections.
Q3: How long is a child contagious with HFMD?
A3: A child is usually contagious until all blisters have dried and the fever has subsided, typically 7-10 days after the onset of symptoms.
Q4: Can adults get hand, foot, and mouth disease?
A4: Yes, adults can get HFMD, but it’s less common and usually milder than in children.
Q5: Are there any long-term effects of hand, foot, and mouth disease?
A5: No, long-term effects are rare. Most children recover completely within a week or two.
